Research CommunityPartial list of published research using DNA2.0 synthetic genesPlease let us know of any peer-reviewed publications referencing DNA2.0 genes that are not present in this list. We will pay you a $50 finders fee for any new reference.
2008Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008 78:1065-70 Functional expression of the Cre recombinase in actinomycetes. Fedoryshyn et al.,
Drs. Bechthold and Luzhetskyy at the Albert Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg Germany constructed a cre recombinase system for Streptomyces lividans using a codon optimized synthetic cre recombinase gene from DNA2.0. Cell 2008 133:1266-76 Variation in homeodomain DNA binding revealed by high-resolution analysis of sequence preferences. Berger et al.,
Tim Hughes at University of Toronto and Martha Bulyk at Harvard set out to characterize the binding specificity of the majority (168) of the mouse homeodomains. The homeodomain encoding genes were codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0 and the binding specificity to all possible 8mers was determined, revealing predictive rules for all animal homeodomains.
Gene 2008 419:43-7 Marker removal from actinomycetes genome using Flp recombinase. Fedoryshyn et al.,
Dr. Luzhetskyy at the Albert Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany, constructed a flp recombinase system for Streptomyces lividans, S. coelicolor and Saccharotrix espanaensis using a codon optimized synthetic flp recombinase gene from DNA2.0. Infect Immun 2008 76:2660-70 A diversity-covering approach to immunization with Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 induces broader allelic recognition and growth inhibition responses in rabbits. Remarque et al.,
A team from the Primate Research Center in the Netherlands used codon optimized synthetic genes from DNA2.0. Each gene was designed to incorporate diversity found in the polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1, a promising Malaria vaccine candidate. The diversity covering synthetic gene variants showed promise as vaccine when tested in a rabbit system. Infect Immun 2008 76:3742-53 Constitutive activation of the prfA regulon enhances the potency of live-attenuated and KBMA Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines. Lauer et al.,
Anza Therapeutics scientist Peter Lauer and his group designed a set of variants of a Listeria transcription factor prfA and tested them in combination with a DNA2.0 synthesized QuadVac expression cassette to evaluate T cell responses in C57/Bl6 mice. At least one prfA variant drastically improved the potency of an attenuated Listeria vaccine. J Biol Chem 2008 283: 18024-31 Identification of the major cysteine protease of giardia and its role in encystation. Dubois et al.,
Prof Sajid and colleagues at UC San Francisco identified a highly expressed protease in Giardia. The gene was codon optimized for expression in Pichia and synthesized by DNA2.0. The purified protease protein was biochemically characterized and shown to be central to Giardia development. J Biol Chem 2008 283:427-36 Structural basis for elastolytic substrate specificity in rodent alpha-chymases. Kervinen et al.,
Drs. Kervinen, Spurlino and coworkers at Johnson & Johnson expressed and purified two different DNA2.0 synthesized chymase constructs. The purified proteins were crystallized, the structure determined and the substrate specificity characterized. J Mol Biol 2008 378:565-80 A cell-penetrating helical peptide as a potential HIV-1 inhibitor. Zhang et al.,
A team from Kimball Research Inst developed a peptide that penetrates the cell membrane and inactivates the HIV virus assembly activity of the Gag protein. This peptide is a promising AIDS therapeutic agent. The virus assembly assay and binding studies where performed using synthetic Gag gene variants made by DNA2.0. J Mol Diagnostics 2008 10:225-35 Direct sequence detection of structured H5 influenza viral RNA. Kerby et al.,
Prof. Tripathi and his group at Brown University established a sequence specific molecular beacon based assay for the point-of-care identification of influenzae H5. The group used synthetic genes from DNA2.0 as positive controls. J Neurosci 2008 28:7025-30 A FLEX Switch Targets Channelrhodopsin-2 to Multiple Cell Types for Imaging and Long-Range Circuit Mapping. Atasoy et al.,
A team from Janelia Farm built a Cre-recombinase vector based on a synthetic flip-excision (FLEX) switch from DNA2.0 for targeting channelrhodopsin-2 tagged with mCherry in locally defined neural cells. The FLEX system was used to facilitate the study of long range synaptic connections.
J Virol 2008 82:7231-7 Extreme dependence of gH and gL expression on ORF57 and association with highly unusual codon usage inrhesus monkey Rhadinovirus. Bilello et al.,
A Harvard team showed that expression of two glycoproteins (gH and gL) from rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) could be rescued by either codon optimization performed by DNA2.0, or by co-expression of a third RRV gene (ORF57). Langmuir 2008 24:1613-16 Length-based encoding of binary data in DNA. Portney et al.,
A UC Riverside team lead by Dr. Mihri Ozkan used a synthetic gene derived from DNA2.0 to construct a system to to encode digital information in DNA based on partial restriction digest.
Mol Plant 2008 1:285-94 Characterization of Gibberellin receptor mutants of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Chandler et al.,
Peter Chandler and his colleagues at CSIRO Australia identified Barley Gibberellin receptor mutants. The corresponding protein was expressed in E. coli using a DNA2.0 codon optimized and synthesized gene. Functional characterization of the purified protein confirmed the genetic data.
Nature 2008 2008 451:704-7 Palaeotemperature trend for Precambrian life inferred from resurrected proteins. Gaucher et al.,
Eric Gauchers group at Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution together with DNA2.0 designed and synthesized genes corresponding to since long extinct proteins. The temperature optima of the resurrected genes closely follows the temperature calculated based on geological methods stretching back 3.5 billion years ago. Nature Immunol 2008 9:301-9 HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells. Arthos et al.,
Drs Arthos, Fauci and collaborators at NIH identify integrin alpha-4 beta-7 as a key receptor for HIV entry. DNA2.0 codon optimized and synthesized a set of gp120 variants to identify and validate the integrin alpha-4 beta-7 binding and signaling. Nature Struct Mol Biol 2008 15:591-7 Long single alpha-helical tail domains bridge the gap between structure and function of myosin VI. Spink et al.,
Variants of myosin VI were made by DNA2.0 for Dr. Spudich at Stanford. The variants were used to identify and evaluate the function of the myosin IV proximal tail for translocation along actin filaments. Plant J 2008 Identification of likely orthologs of tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Vlot et al.
Arabidopsis orthologs to Salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2) from tobacco were identified and characterized by Prof Klessig and his group at Cornell using synthetic genes from DNA2.0. The orthologs (AtMES 1, 2, 7, and 9) were shown to be functionally homologous to SABP2 and redundant for synthesis of methyl salicylate, a signal for system acquired resistance.
PLoS One 2008 3:e2022 The septins function in G1 pathways that influence the pattern of cell growth in budding yeast. Egelhofer et al.,
Doug Kellogg 's group at UC Santa Cruz use a set of mutated septins generated through DNA2.0 gene synthesis to analyze the effect of septins in the yeast cell cycle. PLoS One 2008 3:e2257 Efficacious Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Produced by High Yield Bacterial Expression: A Solution to Global Pandemic and Seasonal Needs. Song et al.,
A domain of hemagglutinin PR8 were codon optimized for both E. coli and baculovirus and subsequently fused to the TLR5 ligand, flagellin. The recombinant proteins were produced at high yield and showed to elicit a robust antibody response in a mouse model. The work was performed by scientists at VaxInnate Corp.
Protein Eng Des Sel 2008 21:495-505 Rapid discovery and optimization of therapeutic antibodies against emerging infectious diseases. Rogers et al.,
Eight synthetic light chains were designed to conform with consensus results from screening efforts and synthesized by DNA2.0. Each synthetic light chain was paired up with libraries of heavy chain for improved binding affinity. Scientists at Verenium (previously Diversa) used the technology to quickly optimize new antibodies. Protein Sci 2008 17:1035-43 Characterization of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like-protein isopeptidase activities. Nicholson et al.,
A team at Progenra Inc. used a codon optimized and DNA2.0 synthesized gene encoding papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) from coronavirus to study the peptidase effects of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins.
Science 2008 283:427-36. Complete chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium genome. Gibson et al.,
Scientists at the Craig Venter Institute assembled synthetic genome fragments manufactured by DNA2.0 and others into a complete Mycoplasma genitalium genome. This is the first example of an entirely synthetic chromosome. 2007Anal Bioanal Chem 2007 388:271-8. Practical evaluation of universal conditions for four-plex quantitative PCR. Ishii et al.
Dr. Ishii and coworkers at GlaxoSmithKline in Japan determined the optimal conditions for four-color multiplex qPCR and validated the system using a number of DNA2.0 synthesized positive control genes. Anal Biochem 2007 362:201-12. Validation of universal conditions for duplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Ishii et al.
Dr. Ishii and coworkers at GlaxoSmithKline in Japan developed and validated a two-color multiplex qRT-PCR assay consistent with the high-throughput requirements of efficient gene expression analysis. DNA2.0 synthesized a number of positive control genes that were used in order to confirm the accuracy and titration curves of the assay. Biochemistry 2007 46:8969-79. Structure of a novel enzyme that catalyzes acyl transfer to alcohols in aqueous conditions. Mathews et al.
A team from Stanford and Genencor used a set of homologs to an aqueous acyl transferase to assess the structural implications of the enzymatic mechanism. Most of the homologs were synthesized by DNA2.0. Biotechnol Lett 2007 29:1483-91. Transport of heterologous proteins to the periplasmic space of Pseudomonas fluorescens using a variety of native signal sequences. Retallack et al.
Dr. Retallacks group at Dow applied the gene synthesis of DNA2.0 to construct a P. fluorescens secretion vector system with a C-terminal polyhistidine tag. The system was validated using a DNA2.0 synthesized and codon optimized pro-insulin. Cell 2007 129:1201-13. A core complex of BBS proteins cooperates with the GTPase Rab8 to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis. Nachury et al.
Dr Nachury and coworkers at Genentech used a set of DNA2.0-synthesized BBS constructs to reveal that the human disease Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is caused by defects in vesicular transport to the cilium. Scientists from the Southern Yangtze University codon optimized amyFF for expression using the DNA2.0 Gene Designer optimization algorithm. The synthetic construct increased protein expression 12 fold in E. coli. Drug Disc Today 2007 12:389-95. Harnessing bioinformatics to discover new vaccines. Davies and Flower.
Darren Flower and Matt Davies from University of Oxford review software tools including the DNA2.0 Gene Designer for vaccine research
Enzyme and Microbial Technol 2007 42:58-64. Improved production of p-hydroxycinnamic acid from tyrosine using a novel thermostable phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase enzyme. Xue et al.,
Dr. Huang and collaborators at DuPont used a DNA2.0 synthesized novel phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase from the wood rotting fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The gene expressed well in E. coli after codon optimization. The purified protein retained full activity at 60 °C allowing production of significantly higher amounts of pHCA (an important starting material for many industrial chemicals).
Fungal Genetics and Biology 2007 44:830-44. Functional characterization of the penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster of Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin54-1255. van den Berg et al.
A team from DSM led by Dr. van den Berg characterized the gene cluster encoding the biosynthetic pathway for penicillin production. Genes were knocked out using phleomycin resistance constructs made by DNA2.0. J Am Chem Soc 2007 129:11004-5. Interflap distances in HIV-1 protease determined by pulsed EPR measurements. Galiano et al.
Prof. Fanucci and co-workers at Univ Florida used a codon optimized HIV protease from DNA2.0 to analyze the changes in conformation of the protease upon binding of an inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2007 129:10732-40. De novo design of a single-chain diphenylporphyrin metalloprotein. Bender et al.,
Dr. DeGrado and his group at UPenn computationally designed a single-chain four-helix bundle that binds efficiently to non-natural porphyrin cofactors. A synthetic gene encoding the in silico designed protein was codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0. The corresponding protein was expressed and isolated and its properties experimentally verified. J Biol Chem 2007 282:17486-500. Electron transport pathway for a Streptomyces cytochrome P450: cytochrome P450 105D5-catalyzed fatty acid hydroxylation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Chun et al.
Dr. Guengerich and collaborators at Vanderbilt University used ferredoxin genes from Streptomyces that were codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0 for expression in E. coli. The overexpressed proteins were used to identify and study the electron transfer pathway to functional Streptomyces P450. J Cell Sci 2007 120:2413-23. A cytoskeletal-based perimeter fence selectively corrals a sub-population of cell surface Kv2.1 channels. Tamkun et al.,
A DNA2.0 codon optimized and synthesized gene encoding mCherry was fused to the N-terminus of Kv2.1 (a voltage gated K+ channel). The construct was used by Dr. Tamkun at Colorado State U. to study the diffusion of Kv2.1 on the cell surface. J Mol Biol 2008 378:565-80. A cell-penetrating helical peptide as a potential HIV-1 inhibitor. Zhang et al.,
A team based at the Kimball Research Inst developed a potential AIDS therapeutic peptide that penetrates cells to target and inactivate the Gag protein of HIV. The different Gag protein variants used in the assay were codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0.
J Virol 2007 81:10869-78. Incorporation of high levels of chimeric human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins into virus-like particles. Wang et al.
Professor Compans and his team at Emory University and U. Alabama use synthetic genes by DNA2.0 that are codon optimized for both mammalian and insect cell expression. Chimeric HIV env genes were tested for incorporation into the virus particle. J Virol 2007 81:11560. Immunization of primates with a Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine via the respiratory tract induces a high titer of serum neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. DiNapoli et al.,
The teams of Dr. Samal at VMRCVM Maryland and Dr. Bukreyev at NIH used a synthetic codon optimized gene from DNA2.0 to develop a clinical candidate for avian flu vaccine development.
Mol Immunol 2007 44:1935-43. CD19-/CD3-bispecific antibody of the BiTE class is far superior to tandem diabody with respect to redirected tumor cell lysis. Molhoj et al.
Dr. Baeuerle and collaborators at MicroMet AG compared the anti-tumor activity of a CD19/CD13 bispecific antibody side-by-side to a tandem diabody (Tandab) synthesized by DNA2.0. Mol Microbiol 2007 65:1249-57 Conservation of NADPH utilization by chorismate synthase and its implications for the evolution of the shikimate pathway. Ehammer et al.,
The cofactor requirement of chorismate synthase was analyzed by a team lead by Dr. Macheroux at the Graz University of Technology, Austria. The chorismate synthase genes from two protozoans used in the study were codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0. Mol Syst Biol 2007 3:134 Optimal encoding rules for synthetic genes: the need for a community effort. Wu et al.,
Gang Wu and colleagues at University of Maryland review algorithms for codon optimization and software tools including DNA2.0's Gene Designer.
Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007 14:604-10. Physical and functional coupling of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Dicer in the biogenesis of endogenous siRNAs. Lee & Collins.
The Rdr1 gene encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Tetrahymena (an organism that reads stop codons UAG and UAA as glutamine) was synthesized by DNA2.0. Professor Kathy Collins group in UC Berkeley used the construct to show the physical and functional coupling between the Rdr1 protein and Dicer in the biogenesis of endogenous siRNAs. Nature 2007 448:200-3. An intracellular P2X receptor required for osmoregulation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Fountain et al.
A potential Dictyostelium homolog of a P2X receptor was codon optimized and synthesized by DNA2.0. The synthetic gene was heterologously expressed in human cells by Prof. Alan North and collaborators at the University of Manchester and shown to encode an ATP activated membrane ion channel. This is the first example of a P2X receptor found in a microbe. Nucleic Acids Res 2007 35:e50. Site-directed transposon integration in human cells. Yant et al.
Dr Kay and collaborators at Stanford show that zinc-finger fusion proteins made from optimized DNA2.0 synthesized genes mediated tethering to redirect transposon insertion site selection in human cells. Protein Expr Purif. 2006 46:179-88. Production and purification of self-assembling peptides in Ralstonia eutropha. Reed et al.
Professor Tillman Gerngross’s group at Dartmouth College establish a system to produce self-assembling peptides directly from recombinant protein expression. A codon-optimized cipB gene encoding carbohydrate binding modules was made by DNA2.0 and used as affinity tag for a repetitive fusion of self-assembling sa-peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007 104:20368-73. Wnt signal from multiple tissues and lin-3/EGF signal from the gonad maintain vulval precursor cell competence in Caenorhabditis elegans. Myers and Greenwald.
Columbia University based Myers and Greenwald study the signal transduction occurring during vulval development. By using tissue specific rescue of mig-14/Wntless with a DNA2.0 synthesized construct, they show that Wnt signal produced by multiple tissues promotes or maintains cell competence for vulval induction.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007 104:3396-401. HIV-1 gp120 inhibits TLR9-mediated activation and IFN-α secretion in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Martinelli et al.
An NIAID team led by Dr. Fauci showed that the HIV envelop protein gp120 inhibit the human immune response, possibly through binding the lectin receptor BDCA-2. The BDCA-2 gene was synthesized by DNA2.0 and transiently expressed. Significant levels of gp120 binding to the BDCA-2-transfected cells were shown. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007 104: 8053-8. GATA6 is an astrocytoma tumor suppressor gene identified by gene trapping of mouse glioma model. Kamnasaran et al.
Toronto Hospital For Sick Children based Dr. Kamnasaran and collaborators showed that the transcription factor GATA6 is a tumor supressor. Overexpression of a DNA2.0 synthesized GATA6 gene in cell lines and in transgenic Scid mice inhibited tumorigenesis. Science 2007 5847:113-6. Methyl salicylate is a critical mobile signal for plant systemic acquired resistance. Park et al.,
Prof. Klessig and his group at Cornell University used a synthetic version of SABP2 from DNA2.0 to show that methyl salicylate is the signal for plant systemic acquired resistance.
Vaccine 2007 25:490-9. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of the N-terminal 33-kDa processing fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1, MSP1: implications for vaccine development. Yuen et al.
Synthetic gene variants encoding malaria parasite surface protein MSP1 were made by DNA2.0 and studied by Dr. Hui and coworkers at Univ Hawaii and Univ Hong Kong for enhanced efficacy and potency of MSP based malaria vaccine. Virol J 2007 26:19. Mechanisms regulating expression of the HPV 31 L1 and L2 capsid proteins and pseudovirion entry. Hindmarsh & Laimins.
GFP fusions to DNA2.0 synthetized L1 and L2 genes were used by Drs Hindmarsh and Laimins at Northwestern to identify cis-regulatory regions in the HPV 31 capsid proteins
2006Biochemistry 2006 45:5678-85. Dihydroquinone Ansamycins: Toward Resolving the Conflict between Low in Vitro Affinity and High Cellular Potency of Geldanamycin Derivatives. Maroney et al.
An E. coli codon optimized N-terminal human HSP90alpha was synthesized by DNA2.0 for Dr. Dana Johnson and coworkers at Johnson & Johnson. The tagged and purified protein was used to study the in vitro binding affinity of geldanamycin derivatives to HSP90. Blood 2006 107:1963-9. Expansion of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding cytoplasm- or lysosome-targeted Nef. Kavanagh et al.
Synthetic mRNA was derived from a synthetic nef gene made by DNA2.0. Dr. Daniel Kavanagh and coworkers at the Massachusetts General Hospital transfected the mRNA into antigen presenting cells to induce a polyclonal repertoire of antiviral T cells. Developmental Dynamics 2006 235:456-67. Optimized Green Fluorescent Protein Variants Provide Improved Single Cell Resolution of Transgene Expression in Ascidian Embryos. Zeller et al.
A set of DNA2.0 made synthetic genes encoding fluorescent proteins were codon optimized for expression in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and shown by Dr. Robert Zeller and coworkers at San Diego State University to be efficient and useful tools for cellular studies in Ciona intestinalis. J Am Chem Soc 2006 128:3900-1. Halogenation of unactivated carbon centers in natural product biosynthesis: Trichlorination of leucine during barbamide biosynthesis. Galonic et al.
E. coli codon optimized halogenating enzymes BarA, B1, B2 and D were synthesized by DNA2.0 for Dr. Chris Walsh and coworkers at Harvard. The tagged and purified proteins were used to study the trichlorination of barbamide. J Biol Chem 2006 281:30907-16. Src Family Kinases Phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 Region and Modulate Bcr-Abl Transforming Activity. Meyn et al.
Seven identified phosphorylation sites in the oncogenic protein tyrosin-kinase Bcr-Abl were substituted to phenylalanine in a synthetic Bcr-Abl variant made by DNA2.0 for Dr. Smithgall and coworkers at U Pittsburgh. The removal of the phosphorylation sites substantially reduced Bcr-Abl mediated cell transformation. J General Virology 2006 87:2571–6. L-SIGN (CD209L) isoforms differently mediate trans-infection of hepatoma cells by hepatitis C virus pseudoparticles. Falkowska et al.
Genes encoding the 3-, 4-, 5- and 9-repeat forms of L-SIGN were synthesized by DNA2.0. L-SIGN isoforms were shown by Dr. Tatjana Dragic and coworkers at Albert Einstein and Progenics to be expressed at the mammalian cell surface and mediate hepatitis C binding and infection. Mol Genet Genomics 2006 276:135-46. A Diversity of Serine Phage Integrases Mediate Site-Specific Recombination in Mammalian Cells. Keravala et al.
A human codon-optimized phiFC1 integrase gene was synthesized by DNA2.0 for Dr. Michele Calos and coworkers at Stanford University. The ability of the integrase to mediate recombination in mammalian genome was evaluated. Nature 2006 443:167-72. An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans. Pollard et al .
A region in the human genome showing significant evolutionary acceleration encodes the RNA gene HAR1F. The HAR1F gene was synthesized behind a T7 promoter by DNA2.0 and shown to be associated with cortical development by Dr. David Haussler and coworkers at UC Santa Cruz. The Plant Cell 2006 18:1134-51. Endogenous and Synthetic MicroRNAs Stimulate Simultaneous, Efficient, and Localized Regulation of Multiple Targets in Diverse Species. Alvarez et al.
The pre-miRNGAb gene was synthesized by DNA2.0. The synthetic gene was shown by Dr. Yuval Eshed and coworkers at the Weizmann Inst (Israel) to efficiently and specifically regulate small RNA targets in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell 2006 18:2314-25. Rapid Metabolism of Glucose Detected with FRET Glucose Nanosensors in Epidermal Cells and Intact Roots of Arabidopsis RNA-Silencing Mutants. Deuschle et al.
The eCFP and Venus genes were designed to maximize the sequence difference while retaining Arabidopsis codon usage. The genes were synthesized by DNA2.0 for Dr. Wolf Frommer and coworkers at the Carnegie Inst, Stanford and used to study glucose metabolism in plant cells. Plant J 2006 45:863-8. Validation of RNAi silencing specificity using synthetic genes: salicylic acid-binding protein 2 is required for innate immunity in plants. Kumar et al.
An RNAi resistant homolog to SABP2 was designed by codon optimizing to be as distant as possible from the wt gene. The synthetic gene made by DNA2.0 was expressed in tobacco and shown to transcomplement the RNAi knockout wt gene by Dr. Dan Klessig and coworkers at Cornell. PLoS ONE 2006 Dec 27;1:e131. Rho Kinase's Role in Myosin Recruitment to the Equatorial Cortex of Mitotic Drosophila S2 Cells Is for Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation. Dean & Spudich.
Expression of synthetic RNAi resistant RLC constructs made by DNA2.0 with a nucleotide sequence very different from the wt gene allows for efficient RNAi dependent depletion of only the endogenous RLC in Drosophila as shown by Dr. Spudich's group at Stanford. PLoS Pathogens 2006 2(5):e50. The Malarial Host-Targeting Signal Is Conserved in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen. Bhattacharjee et al.
Two genes encoding potato blight proteins were codon optimized for malaria transgene expression and synthesized by DNA2.0. The genes were shown by Dr. Kasturi Haldar and coworkers at Northwestern University to retain virulence activity within the new host. 2005
Biochem J 2005 392:135-43. Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors. Yang et al.
The SARS coronavirus gene E was synthesized by DNA2.0. The encoded protein was shown by Dr. Xiao-Feng Yang and coworkers at Baylor College of Medicine to induce apoptosis in Jurkat T-cells. Biochemistry 2005 44:7079-84. Mechanistic studies of mouse polyamine oxidase with N1,N12-bisethylspermine as a substrate. Royo & Fitzpatrick
The murine polyamine oxidase was codon optimized for expression in E. coli and synthesized by DNA2.0 for Dr Paul F. Fitzpatrick at Texas A&M University. The expressed protein was used to examine the kinetics and enzymatic mechanism of the oxidase. Cell 2005 122:407-20. Cdk1-dependent regulation of the mitotic inhibitor Wee1. Harvey et al.
Various Swe1 mutants were synthesized by DNA2.0. The Swe1 protein was shown by Dr. Doug Kellogg and coworkers at UC Santa Cruz to be directly regulated by Cdk1 in budding yeast to control the transition into mitosis. J of Experimental Medicine 2005 201: 891-902. Transmission and Accumulation of CTL Escape Variants Drive Negative Associations Between HIV Polymorphisms and HLA. Leslie et al.
Dr. Philip Goulder and coworkers at the University of Oxford transfected Nef mRNA derived from a DNA2.0 made synthetic Nef gene into BCL cells to study epitope recognition. Mol Microbiol 2005 55:1767-81. Subcellular localization of a sporulation membrane protein is achieved through a network of interactions along and across the septum. Doan et al.
The gene encoding a fluorescent protein was codon optimized for expression in Bacillus and synthesized by DNA2.0. Dr. Dave Rudner and coworkers at Harvard fused it with spo-proteins to study localization and septum formation during sporulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102:18676-81, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin, and mutant LRRK2 induces neuronal degeneration. Smith et al.
Synthetic human LRRK2 wt and mutant genes were made by DNA2.0. The constructs were used by Dr. Chris Ross and coworkers at John Hopkins to study the relationship between LRRK2, parkin and Parkinson’s disease in a cellular system. 2004
Virology J 2004 1:7. Genome Structure and Transcriptional Regulation of Human Coronavirus NL63. Pyrc Et Al.
The DNA2.0 codon optimization software was used by Dr. Lia van der Hoek and coworkers from the University of Amsterdam to assess codon usage in coronavirus and comparing it to the human host.
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